Compared to traditional optics, photonic integrated circuits have advantages in size, weight, performance, reliability, power consumption, and cost. The size and stability also enable them to realize unique functions in coherent optics. Optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) based transmitters and receivers are examples. With photonic integration, the loop bandwidth of the OPLL can increase by orders of magnitude, and stable OPLLs have been achieved with closed-loop bandwidths >1 GHz.

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