Nanostructured Polyaniline Sensors
The Journal focuses on interfaces, nanostructures, polyaniline, sensors, and thin films. The conjugated polymer polyaniline is a promising material for sensors, since its conductivity is highly sensitive to chemical vapors. Nanofibers of polyaniline are found to have superior performance relative to conventional materials due to their much greater exposed surface area. A template-free chemical synthesis is described that produces uniform polyaniline nanofibers with diameters below 100 nm. The interfacial polymerization can be readily scaled to make gram quantities. Resistive-type sensors made from undoped or doped polyaniline nanofibers outperform conventional polyaniline on exposure to acid or base vapors, respectively. The nanofibers show essentially no thickness dependence to their sensitivity. Since the discovery that conjugated polymers can be made to conduct electricity through doping, a tremendous amount of research has been carried out in the field of conducting polymers. Polyaniline is a unique conjugated polymer in that it can be tailored for specific applications through a non-redox acid/base doping process. The electrically conductive form of polyaniline is known as the ™emeraldine∫ oxidation state, which, when doped with an acid, protonates the imine nitrogens on the polymer backbone and induces charge carriers. The conductivity of polyaniline increases with doping from the undoped insulating emeraldine base form (s<1010 S cm1 ) to the fully doped, conducting emeraldine salt form (s>1 S cm1 ). Dopants can be added in any desired quantity until all imine nitrogens (half of the total nitrogens) are doped, simply by controlling the pH of the dopant acid solution. Dopants can be removed by the interaction of the emeraldine salt form with common bases such as ammonium hydroxide
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Journal of Industrial Electronics and Applications
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