Childbirth practices in India are shaped by the prevalence of Hinduism and joint-family living, India's young average population, the lower national average age at marriage, and disparities in social status and literacy between men and women. Inadequate maternal health care services in India are a result of poor organization, the huge rural-urban divide, and large interstate disparities coupled with stringent social-economic and cultural constraints. The joint-family system is one of the basic features of Hindu social organization. Therefore, since Hinduism is the primary practiced religion in India, the joint-family system constitutes the majority of family structures in India.

Farming is the largest single occupation in India. Approximately 28 percent of the Indian population lives below the poverty line with large inter-state variations. Poverty in India is concentrated in the central and eastern states, therefore, poverty levels are significantly higher than the nation's average in these areas. The central and eastern states of India account for 55 percent of the total poor population in India. Coincidentally, these poor states also contributed to half of the maternal deaths in India. This is most likely due to the fact that the use of maternal care services are very limited in these states. Alternatively, the western and southern states of India are economically and demographically more advanced than the northern and eastern states. Subsequently, these states account for only 17 percent of maternal deaths most likely due to a higher use of maternal care services in these areas. Studies indicate that there is a negative association between the use of maternal care and maternal mortality ratio. In 2011, 69 percent of India's population was rural. Many citizens live in villages and are involved in agriculture, which to a westerner seems similar to a small town. The rural areas often have inhabitants that live below the poverty line. Alternatively, a portion of the population lives in cities, which is noted as the wealthiest portion of the population. However, the urban population includes many poor people from the countryside who often live in slums that contain a fifth of India's city dwellers. This portion of the population often works as laborers or in services. India has a huge urban middle class as well that are businessmen and professionals.

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