Biophotonic imaging is rapidly emerging as a tool for clinical assessment of breast cancer at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Optical biopsy uses near-infrared (NIR) light to analyze tumor margins and lymph nodes with micron-scale resolution intraoperatively. Optical mammography uses NIR light to gain spectroscopic information and three-dimensional images of whole breast tissues noninvasively. The following chapter will review the current research in the application of biophotonic imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography, multiphoton microscopy, vibrational imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, diffuse optical tomography, and multimodal macroscale imaging for noninvasive diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of breast tumors and lymph nodes. Biophotonics is a new field that relies on the effects of lasers to move particles of matter into certain organizational structures, such as three-dimensional chessboard, or hexagonal arrays. In general, biophotonics refers to the process of using light to bind together particles of matter and the mechanisms of this field are still poorly understood. A surprising property of interacting light, this phenomenon produces so called ‘optical matter’ in which the crystalline form of materials (such as polystyrene beads) can be held together by nets of infrared light that will fall apart when the light is removed. This is a phenomenon a step-up from ‘optical tweezers’ that have been used for years to rotate or otherwise move tiny particles in laboratories. You can share your ideas & comments further at : editor.rjop@peerjournal.org optics@scholarlypub.com